Observation and Interview-based Diurnal Sleepiness Inventory for measurement of sleepiness in older adults

INTRODUCTION There is no established reference standard for subjective measures of sleepiness in older adults. METHODS This study compares the Observation and Interview-based Diurnal Sleepiness Inventory (ODSI) with two existing instruments for measurement of sleepiness and daily functioning, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ). RESULTS A total of 125 study participants were included in this study and were administered the ODSI, ESS and FOSQ; subjects had a mean age of 70.9 ± 5.27 years, mean Apnea-Hypopnea Index of 31.9 ± 27.9 events/hour and normal cognitive functioning (Mini-Mental State Examination score > 24). The ODSI showed a significant association with the ESS (Spearman's ρ: 0.67, P < 0.001) and with the FOSQ (Spearman's ρ: -0.52, P < 0.001). The ODSI 1 item (assessing sleepiness in active situations) was borderline significantly correlated with the ESS (β = 0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.01 to 0.29; P = 0.069). ODSI 2 item (sleepiness in passive situations) was correlated with the ESS (β = 1.65; 95% CI, 1.32 to 1.98; P < 0.001). Both ODSI 1 (β = -0.15; 95% CI, -0.24 to -0.07; P < 0.001) and ODSI 2 (β = -0.35; 95% CI, -0.55 to 0.16; P < 0.001) were significantly correlated with the FOSQ. CONCLUSION The ODSI is a suitable measure of sleepiness and is appropriate for usage in clinical care in older adults.